Which chemical is commonly used to manage algae accumulation in cooling towers?

Copper sulfate is commonly used to manage algae accumulation in cooling towers due to its effectiveness as an algicide. It works by disrupting the cellular processes of algae, leading to their death and preventing further growth. This is particularly important for cooling towers, where algae can clog systems, reduce efficiency, and promote the growth of bacteria such as Legionella, posing health risks.

The chemical nature of copper sulfate allows it to be easily dissolved in water, making it an ideal choice for application in the water systems of cooling towers. Its efficacy and relatively low cost also contribute to its widespread use in industrial applications.

In contrast, while chlorine is often used as a disinfectant and can control algae, it is less targeted and can contribute to corrosion in certain materials used in cooling systems. Alum, primarily a coagulant used in water treatment processes, may not directly combat algae. Hydrochloric acid is mainly used for cleaning and pH adjustment rather than algae control.